Collaborative Care Model
The Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) is an evidence-based practice to bring physical and mental health care and treatment together within the same primary care provider’s (PCP) office. Under CoCM, a PCP leads a team of professionals, including a consulting psychiatrist and a case manager, all working together to coordinate care and ensure access to the best treatment available for a patient’s needs. CoCM is particularly adept at detecting mental health issues like depression because it incorporates another proven approach: measurement-based care (MBC). Every routine check-up can include screening for emotional ailments like depression, anxiety, and substance use, just like screening for common physical markers like blood sugar and cholesterol level. When a need is detected, the PCP can immediately consult with the mental health specialist and quickly determine a treatment plan the patient can begin that day.
Collaborative Care Evidence Base
CoCM is extensively evidence-based, with its efficacy being demonstrated by more than 90 randomized controlled trials and several meta-analyses across diverse diagnoses (e.g., depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), patient populations (e.g., older adults, patients with chronic medical problems) and treatment settings (e.g., Federally Qualified Healthcare Centers, the Veterans Health Administration). CoCM has been shown to reduce racial and ethnic treatment outcome disparities and is effective when implemented in rural or underserved urban treatment settings. Finally, CoCM has designated billing codes that are reimbursed by Medicare, most commercial payers, and a growing number of state Medicaid plans, leading the model to be financially sustainable. Below are several research, review, and practice-based articles that demonstrate the effectiveness of Collaborative Care in research and real-world settings.
Technical Assistance Tools for Subpopulations
Technical assistance tools were developed by the Meadows Institute, in collaboration with select partners, to meaningfully support care teams seeking to implement high-fidelity Collaborative Care (CoCM).
Evidence Base for Collaborative Care
- Archer, J., Bower, P., Gilbody, S., Lovell, K., Richards, D., Gask, L., ... & Coventry, P. (2012). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems, 10(10.1002), 14651858.
- Hu, J., Wu, T., Damodaran, S., Tabb, K. M., Bauer, A., & Huang, H. (2020). The effectiveness of collaborative care on depression outcomes for racial/ethnic minority populations in primary care: a systematic review. Psychosomatics, 61(6), 632-644.
- Unützer, J., Carlo, A. C., Arao, R., Vredevoogd, M., Fortney, J., Powers, D., & Russo, J. (2020). Variation In The Effectiveness Of Collaborative Care For Depression: Does It Matter Where You Get Your Care? Study examines variations in outcomes for patients who received treatment for depression in primary care settings using the collaborative care model. Health Affairs, 39(11), 1943-1950.
Learn More
For information on Collaborative Care technical assistance and implementation, contact:
CoCM Technical Assistance (TA) Team